What is Esophageal Cancer?

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Its lining is composed of flattened cells, called squamous cells. This is a common place for cancer to form. Another type of esophageal cancer involves the columnar cells at the junction between the esophagus and stomach. Individuals with Barrett’s have an increased risk of developing cancer because their squamous cells have been replaced by abnormal columnar cells.

There are various causes for esophageal cancer. Those who smoke or drink alcohol heavily are at an increased risk of developing cancer. Other risk factors include prior esophageal damage, achalasia, and a history of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).

Signs and Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer

The signs and symptoms may include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Difficulty swallowing


• Weight loss


• Regurgitation of food


• Blood found in vomit or in stool

Which test(s) and/or procedure(s) may be requested to determine if I have esophageal cancer?

Tests and imaging procedures may include endoscopy along with a biopsy; x-ray of the esophagus and stomach after a barium swallow, and CT scan of the chest and abdomen.

How is this condition surgically treated?

Treatment methods vary depending upon a patient’s condition. The most common surgical treatment for esophageal cancer is laparoscopic esophagectomy.