Deep Vein
Thrombosis
Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood
clot. Deep venous thrombosis refers to clot formation
(most commonly) in the lower extremities. The release of the
clot, allowing it to travel through the blood stream, is known
as embolization. This can result in clot entrapment in
the lungs, a clinical entity known as pulmonary embolism.
Symptoms:
Common symptoms include unilateral leg (calf) swelling and pain.
There may be tenderness to the calf extending up the thigh, into
the groin.
Risk Factors:
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is common in several different
situations:
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Pregnancy |
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Chronically bedridden or wheelchair bound |
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Elderly patients |
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Immediate post operative patients |
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Females using birth control pills |
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Patients with a history of prior deep venous thrombosis |
Diagnosis:
Evaluation will include history and physical examination for the
findings consistent with DVT.
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Echography, especially Doppler, has offered a painless
noninvasive alternative for diagnosing this problem. |
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Venography, which involves an injection of a radio opaque
contrast dye into a foot vein, provides X-ray illumination
of the lower extremity venous system. |
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Blood tests (i.e. blood count and coagulation profile) will
also be performed. |
Treatment:
Treatment will involve the use of medications (heparin) to
inhibit clot formation. This anticoagulant medication is
generally given in the hospital by intravenous or subcutaneous
route with close observation for signs and symptoms of pulmonary
embolism. Leg elevation, bed rest, and warm compresses may also
be indicated. Oral anticoagulant medication (warfarin) may be
necessary longer term in some of these patients.
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